UC Davis Researchers Develop Ice Cube That Doesn’t Melt or Grow Mold

jelly ice image
UC Davis researchers have developed a new cooling cube to cut down on cross-contamination. It won't melt, is compostable and plastic-free. (Gregory Urquiaga/UC Davis)
Emily C. Dooley

Environmentally friendly ‘Jelly Ice Cube’ Could Transform Cold Storage

Quick Summary

  • Cooling cube designed to prevent cross-contamination
  • New jelly ice cube is not plastic and won’t melt
  • Cubes are reusable, flexible and compostable

Researchers at the University of California, Davis, have developed a new type of cooling cube that could revolutionize how food is kept cold and shipped fresh without relying on ice or traditional cooling packs.

These plastic-free, “jelly ice cubes” do not melt, are compostable and anti-microbial, and prevent cross-contamination.

“When ice melts, it’s not reusable,” said Gang Sun, a professor in the Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering. “We thought we could make a so-called solid ice to serve as a cooling medium and be reusable.”

The cooling cubes contain more than 90% water and other components to retain and stabilize the structure. They are soft to the touch like a gelatin dessert and change color depending on temperature.

Jiahan with ice
Jiahan Zou, a UC Davis Ph.D. graduate student, holds one of the jelly ice cubes. (Gregory Urquiaga/UC Davis)
jelly ice with ice spelled out
New cooling cubes can be molded into any shape and could revolutionize cold storage. (Gregory Urquiaga/UC Davis)

Reusable and flexible

These reusable cubes can be designed or cut to any shape and size needed, said Jiahan Zou, a Ph.D. graduate student who has been working on the project the past two years.

“You can use it for 13 hours for cooling, collect it, rinse it with water and put it in the freezer to freeze again for the next use,” Sun added.

A patent for the design and concept was filed in July.

The researchers hope to eventually use recycled agriculture waste or byproduct as the coolant material.

“We want to make sure this is sustainable,” said Luxin Wang, an associate professor in the Department of Food Science and Technology.

Fish market wastewater, moldy ice blocks spurred idea

The researchers began working on the coolant cubes after Wang saw the amount of ice used at fish-processing plants and the cross-contamination that meltwater could spread among products or down the drain.

Image of shrimp on ice
The idea for the new type of cooling cube came from seeing contamination easily spread by regular ice cubes at fish markets. (Luxin Wang/UC Davis)


“The amount of ice used by these fish-processing sites is massive,” Wang said. “We need to control the pathogens.”

Sun also lamented mold found in the plastic ice packs used with school lunches for kids and frequently found in shipping packages.

Early tests have shown the cubes can withstand up to 22 pounds without losing form. They can be reused a dozen times — just a quick wash with water or diluted bleach — and then disposed of in the trash or with yard waste.

Alternative to ice

The jelly ice cubes offer an alternative to traditional ice and could potentially reduce water consumption and environmental impact. They also offer stable temperatures to reduce food spoilage and could be ideal for meal prep companies, shipping businesses and food producers who need to keep items cold.

Jiahan holding jelly ice cubes
The alternative cooling cubes are not made of plastic and are compostable. (Gregory Urquiaga/UC Davis)
jelly ice in square container
UC Davis researchers say these cubes are anti-microbial and can prevent cross contamination. (Gregory Urquiaga/UC Davis)

The application could potentially reduce water consumption in the food supply chain and food waste by controlling microbial contaminations. The research was published in the American Chemical Society’s journal, Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering.

The USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture awarded a $485,000 grant for the research, and proof-of-concept work began in January 2020.

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